When municipalities evaluate inflow and infiltration in wastewater systems, the focus often falls on buried assets such as pipes, joints, laterals, and groundwater intrusion. Those

For many municipalities, manhole structures reflect decades of incremental fixes layered onto aging systems. Frames sit on stacked grade rings, chimney sections are built up

For decades, cast iron has been the default material for manholes, largely because it was familiar and widely accepted. But in practice, that familiarity has

Wastewater odor complaints can overwhelm an operator’s day long before the first truck even rolls out. Neighbors call. Crews investigate. The smell fades, then comes

Wastewater odor rarely comes from the places people expect. As we explored in Part 1 of this series, the real culprits often hide inside the

When people think of wastewater odor, the knee-jerk reaction is often, “Well, it must be the poop.” And to be fair, that assumption isn’t completely